Business and Human Rights in a Time of Change (Christopher L. Avery, Nov. 1999)
Endnotes 300-399
links to endnotes 1-99...endnotes 100-199...endnotes 200-299...endnotes 400-521
[300] The Body Shop, "Human Rights," <http://www.the-body-shop.com/aboutus/body-hrights.html>, accessed on 23 May 1999.
[301] BP, "BP's Policy Commitment to Ethical Conduct," What we stand for…: Our Business Policies (Mar. 1998), p. 7; same language in BP Amoco, "BP Amoco's Policy Commitment to Ethical Conduct," What we stand for…Our Business Policies (Feb. 1999), p. 5.; "BP Amoco's Policy Commitment to Ethical Conduct," <http://www.bpamoco.com/about/policies/ethic.htm>, accessed on 23 May 1999.
[302] BP, BP Social Report 1997 (1998), p. 8.
[303] Royal Dutch/Shell, "Statement of General Business Principles," supra n. 32.
[304] Royal Dutch/Shell, Profits and Principles - does there have to be a choice?, supra n. 101.
[305] Ibid., p. 2.
[306] Ibid., p. 33.
[307] Royal Dutch/Shell, The Shell Report 1999: People, planet & profits, supra n. 33, pp. 28-30.
[308] Ibid.
[309] Ibid., p. 30.
[310] "BT calls on Universal Declaration of Human Rights," Human rights & Business matters (Amnesty International UK Business Group Newsletter) (spring 1999), p. 1.
[311] Ibid.
[312] Government of Canada, Voluntary Codes: A guide for their development and use (Mar. 1998), pp. 8-9, quoted in C. Forcese, "Human Rights Mean Business: Broadening the Canadian Approach to Business and Human Rights," Feb. 1999 (forthcoming, Proceedings-University of Toronto Human Rights Conference), p. 27.
[313] Amnesty International, "Human Rights Principles For Companies," supra n. 160.
[314] Dutch Sections of Amnesty International and Pax Christi International, Multinational Enterprises and Human Rights, supra n. 153, p. 59.
[315] International Labour Office, Governing Body, Working Party on the Social Dimensions of the Liberalization of Interrnational Trade, "Overview of global developments and Office activities concerning codes of conduct, social labelling and other private sector initiatives addressing labour issues," Doc. GB.273/WP/SDL/1 (Rev.1) (Nov. 1998), para. 60, <http://www.ilo.org/public/english/20gb/docs/gb273/sdl-1.htm>, accessed on 19 May 1999.
[316] Royal Dutch/Shell, Business and Human Rights: A Management Primer (1998), available at <http://www.shell.com/download/3359/index.htm>, accessed on 28 Apr. 1999.
[317] Ibid., p. 5.
[318] Ibid.
[319] Ibid., p. 20.
[320] Ibid.
[321] Ibid., pp. 20-21.
[322] Royal Dutch/Shell, The Shell Report 1999: People, planet & profits, supra n. 33, p. 17.
[323] BP Amoco, BP Amoco Environmental and Social Report 1998 (Apr. 1999), p. 38.
[324] Statoil, "People and society," in Statoil 1998, <http://www.statoil.com/STATOILCOM/SVG00990.nsf/eaar/people>, accessed on 9 Apr. 1999.
[325] Amnesty International, "Human Rights Principles For Companies," supra n. 160.
[326] The Dutch Sections of Amnesty International and Pax Christi International, Multinational Enterprises and Human Rights, supra n.153, p. 59.
[327] E. Bernard, "Ensuring Monitoring is not Coopted," New Solutions, Vol. 7, No. 4 (summer 1997), pp. 10-12; also available at <http://www.tiac.net/users/htup/eb/monitor.html>, accessed on 12 May 1999.
[328] Ibid.
[329] Ibid.
[330] "…Frankental…asks Richard Howitt MEP about the significance of the European Parliament's resolution," supra n. 149, p. 2.
[331] U.S. Department of Labor, The Apparel Industry and Codes of Conduct: A solution to the international child labor problem? (1996).
[332] Browne, "Corporate Responsibility in an International Context," supra n. 86, p. 9.
[333] BP, BP Social Report 1997 (1998), p. 5.
[334] "Sweatshop wars," The Economist (27 Feb. 1999), p. 79.
[335] S. Zadek, et al., Building Corporate Accountability (London: Earthscan, 1997), pp. 5-6.
[336] A. Henriques/New Economics Foundation, "Are human rights made to measure?" Human rights and Business matters (Amnesty International UK Business Group Newsletter) (spring 1999), p. 3.
[337] The Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited, Social Audit Committee: Report (Bombay: Tata Press Limited, 1980).
[338] The Body Shop, "Founders' Statement," The Body Shop Social Statement 95 (1996), p. 3.
[339] G. Roddick and A. Roddick, "Foreword," in K. Hanson, Social Evaluation: The Body Shop International - 1995 (1996).
[340] K. Hanson, Social Evaluation: The Body Shop International - 1995 (1996), p.3.
[341] The Times (London) (19 Sep. 1996).
[342] The Body Shop, "The Body Shop Values Report 1997," <http:www.the-body-shop.com/aboutus/values.html>, accessed on 27 May 1999.
[343] Resolution Declaration (22 Mar. 1996); Statement of Resolution (15 Dec. 1995); see also P. DeSimone, "Retailer Bridges the Gap on Supplier Standards," IRRC Corporate Social Issues Reporter (Mar. 1996), pp. 13-16.
[344] B. Jeffcott and L. Yanz, "Exposing the Labour Behind the Label," Our Times (Feb. 1997), <http://www.web.net/~msn/3gap1.htm>, accessed on 17 Apr. 1999.
[345] DeSimone, "Retailer Bridges the Gap on Supplier Standards," supra n. 343, p. 13.
[346] "The Gap Agrees to Improve Conditions in Overseas Plants," Frontlines (Jan./Feb. 1996), <http://uaw.org/solidarity/9601/frontlinesjan96.html>, accessed on 17 Apr. 1999.
[347] Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, "STEP TOWARD ELIMINATING SWEATSHOPS: The White House Apparel Industry Partnership Report" (undated), <http://www.sweatshopwatch.org/swatch/what/iccr_report.html>, accessed on 28 Mar. 1999.
[348] Apparel Industry Partnership, "Charter Document: Fair Labor Associaton," Amended Agreement (June 1999), <http://www.lchr.org/sweatshop/amendedFLA.htm>, accessed on 30 July 1999.
[349] S. Greenhouse, "Plan to Curtail Sweatshops Rejected by Union," New York Times (5 Nov. 1998), <http://www.igc.org/swatch/headlines/1998/aip_nov98.html>, accessed on 13 May 1999.
[350] Sweatshop Watch, "White House Apparel Industry Partnership Issues Proposal with serious shortcomings in living wages and the right to organize," <http://www.igc.org/swatch/headlines/1998/aip_nov98.html>, accessed on 13 May 1999.
[351] Apparel Industry Partnership, "Workplace Code of Conduct," <http://www.lchr.org/sweatshop/amendedFLA.htm#CONDUCT>, accessed on 30 July 1999.
[352] "Agreement, What Agreement?: Apparel Industry Partnership," Business Ethics, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Jan./Feb. 1999), p. 8.
[353] Apparel Industry Partnership, "Principles of Monitoring," <http://www.lchr.org/sweatshop/amendedFLA.htm#PRINCIPLES>, accessed on 30 July 1999.
[354] "UNITE Statement on the White House Apparel Industry Partnership," <http://www.igc.org/swatch/headlines/1998/aip_nov98.html>, accessed on 13 May 1999.
[355] Greenhouse, "Plan to Curtail Sweatshops Rejected by Union," supra n. 349.
[356] Ibid.
[357] "Statement from the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility: Religious Investor Coalition Declines To Endorse Apparel Industry Partnership Agreement," <http://www.igc.org/swatch/headlines/1998/aip_nov98.html>, accessed on 13 May 1999.
[358] Apparel Industry Partnership, "Charter Document: Fair Labor Associaton," Amended Agreement (June 1999), <http://www.lchr.org/sweatshop/amendedFLA.htm>, accessed on 30 July 1999.
[359] Greenhouse, "Plan to Curtail Sweatshops Rejected by Union," supra n. 349.
[360] American Council on Education Press Release, "Fair Labor Association Adds Colleges and Universities, Will Monitor Anti-Sweatshop Labor Standards" (15 Mar. 1999), <http://www.lchr.org/sweatshop/aipalert0399.htm>, accessed on 15 May 1999.
[361] Apparel Industry Partnership, "Organizations Affiliated with the Fair Labor Association as of July 12, 1999," <http://www.lchr.org/sweatshop/orgs.htm>, accessed on 17 Aug. 1999; "PR Newswire: Levi Strauss & Co. joins Fair Labor Association," 20 July 1999, <http://www.globalarchive.ft.com/search/FTJSPController.htm>, accessed on 5 Aug. 1999; Fair Labor Association, "Charles Ruff Named First Fair Labor Association Chair, Board of Directors," (9 Sep. 1999), <http://www.lchr.org/media/fla0999.htm>, accessed on 16 Sep. 1999.
[362] Fair Labor Association, "Charles Ruff Named First Fair Labor Association Chair," supra n. 361.
[363] Ibid.
[364] Apparel Industry Partnership, "Organizations Affiliated with the Fair Labor Association (as of July 12, 1999)," supra n. 361.
[365] A. Bernstein, "Sweatshop Reform: How to Solve the Standoff," Business Week (3 May 1999), p. 186; World Monitors, "USAS Worker Centered Monitoring Plan Debuts," World Monitors Newsletter, 29 Sep. 1999, <http://www.worldmonitors.com>, accessed on 8 Oct. 1999; World Monitors, "Students Announce Largest Campaign and Denounce the FLA," World Monitors Newsletter, 20 Oct. 1999, <http://www.worldmonitors.com>, accessed on 20 Oct. 1999.
[366] World Monitors, "Students Announce Largest Campaign and Denounce the FLA," supra n. 365.
[367] World Monitors, "eCLIPS," World Monitors Newsletter (22 Sep. 1999), <http://www.worldmonitors.com>, accessed on 22 Sep. 1999.
[368] S. Greenhouse, "Nike Reveals Information About Overseas Factories," International Herald Tribune (9-10 Oct. 1999), p. 16; Nike, "Criticize us more accurately," <http://www.nikebiz.com/labor/index.shtml>, accessed on 19 Oct. 1999.
[369] Greenhouse, "Nike Reveals Information about Overseas Factories," supra n. 368.
[370] Verité, "Verité: Verification in Trade and Export," <http://www.verite.org>, accessed on 20 Aug. 1999.
[371] World Monitors, "Collegiate Licensing Company Members Join Forces With Verite" (8 Sep. 1999), <http://www.worldmonitors.com>, accessed on 14 Sep. 1999.
[372] S. Greenhouse, "4 Companies Gain Accord in Labor Suit," New York Times (10 Aug. 1999), <http://archives.nytimes.com/archives/>, accessed on 15 Aug. 1999; Sweatshop Watch, "Retailers Agree to Settlement of Class Action Lawsuit Requiring Independent Monitoring of Factory Conditions" (9 Aug. 1999), <http://www.sweatshopwatch.org/swatch/marianas/settlement.html>, accessed on 19 Oct. 1999; Sweatshop Watch, "Additional U.S. Retailers Agree to Join Settlement of Class Action Lawsuit Requiring Independent Monitoring of Factory Conditions" (7 Oct. 1999), <http://www.sweatshopwatch.org/swatch/marianas/settlement.html>, accessed on 19 Oct. 1999.
[373] Ibid.
[374] Sweatshop Watch, "Additional U.S. Retailers Agree to Join Settlement of Class Action Lawsuit…," supra n. 372.
[375] Reebok, "Reebok Releases In-depth Report on Conditions in Indonesian Factories" (18 Oct. 1999), <http://www.reebok.com/peduli/peduli.cfm>, accessed on 28 Oct. 1999.
[376] G. Krupa, "Reebok Hailed for Releasing Study of Factory Abuses: Reebok Releases Study Detailing Abuses at Factories in Indonesia," The Boston Globe (19 Oct. 1999), p. C1, <http://www.boston.com/globe/>, accessed on 30 Oct. 1999; J. Pereira, "Reebok Finds Ills at Indonesian Factories, Will Push for Reform at Contract Facilities," Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition (18 Oct. 1999), <http://interactive.wsj.com/documents/search.htm >, accessed on 30 Oct. 1999.
[377] P. Fireman, "Steps We Must Take on Third-World Labour," The Washington Post (17 Oct. 1999), p. B7.
[378] Reebok, "Reebok Releases In-depth Report on Conditions in Indonesian Factories," supra n. 375.
[379] Ibid.
[380] Ibid.
[381] A. Bernstein, "Sweatshops: No More Excuses," Business Week (8 Nov. 1999), p. 110, <http://www.businessweek.com>, accessed on 1 Nov. 1999.
[382] Fireman, "Steps We Must Take on Third-World Labour," supra n. 377.
[383] Krupa, "Reebok Hailed for Releasing Study of Factory Abuses," supra n. 376.
[384] Pereira, "Reebok Finds Ills at Indonesian Factories, Will Push for Reform at Contract Facilities," supra n. 376.
[385] T. Kirchofer/Associated Press, "Reebok-Human Rights" (18 Oct. 1999).
[386] Krupa, "Reebok Hailed for Releasing Study of Factory Abuses," supra n. 376.
[387] Bernstein, "Sweatshops: No More Excuses," supra n. 381, p. 110.
[388] Ibid, p. 112.
[389] Ibid.
[390] Ibid, p. 110.
[391] Ibid, p. 112.
[392] Ibid, pp. 110-11.
[393] Ibid, p. 112.
[394] Council on Economic Priorities, "CEPAA - A General Introduction," supra n. 176; Bernstein, "Sweatshop Reform: How to Solve the Standoff," supra n. 365, pp. 186, 188; McIntosh, et al., Corporate Citizenship, supra n. 21, pp. 246-49, 294-95.
[395] EIRIS (The Ethical Investment Research Service), "Top auditing firms introduce ethical reporting services," The Ethical Investor (Mar./Apr. 1999), p. 1.
[396] Ibid.
[397] "Sweatshop wars," supra n. 334, p. 79.
[398] J. Woodward, "Safeguarding reputation," Human rights & Business matters (Amnesty International UK Business Group Newsletter) (spring 1999), p. 3.
[399] Nike, "Nike responds to Sweatshop Allegations," Nike press release (6 June 1996).